Description
We offer most economic, massive size (1.0 gram), and highly crystalline scientific grade black phosphorus (BPs) crystals. Black phosphorus is an infrared (IR) semiconductor with a band gap of 0.3 eV in bulk which becomes ~1 eV when isolated down to monolayer (phosphorene). Our crystals are grown using special techniques (see below) in order to attain high crystalline anisotropy, minimal crystal defect density in the range of a record 3E9 - 1E10 cm-2 values, and high electronic / optical anisotropy. Thus, our crystals come ready for exfoliation with guaranteed crystalline, optical, and electronic anisotropy. Crystals are packaged under argon and is tightly seal to retain intrinsic properties of BPs crystals.
Growth technique matters: Conventional BPs growth typically involves chemical assisting agents such as Au, Sn, SnI4, and others to synthesize BPs crystals at low temperatures and low pressures. This process creates highly defected, low electronic mobility, and crystalline anisotropy crystals. Our company is dedicated to bringing electronic, optical, and scientific grade crystals. We synthesize our crystals at pressures as high as 2GPa to stabilize black phosphorus crystals without using any chemical assists (transport agents). Crystallization occurs over two (2) months period to ensure growth is slow enough to create defect free crystals. Yet, we still bring large quantities of BPs crystals at affordable rates. Note one order may contain more than one single crystal.
The properties of Black phosphorus crystals
| Crystal size | 1 gram (measures larger than 2cm), .5 gram (measures larger 1cm) |
| Material properties | IR semiconductors (0.3 eV), anisotropic semiconductor |
| Crystal structure | Orthorhombic C |
| Unit cell parameters | a=0.332 nm, b=1.051, c=0.434 nm;α=β=γ=90° |
| Growth method | Default: High pressure growth (highly crystalline/defect free) Optional: Mineral assisted (compares to other vendors) |
| Purity | 99.9999% guaranteed |
| Guaranteed | Crystalline anisotropy, high mobility, PL emission |
XRD data collected from Black phosphorus crystals
Raman spectrum collected from Black phosphorus crystals
Confirmed Raman anisotropy in BPs crystals
Measured band gap from BPs crystals (note absence of below gap peaks - no localized excitons or absorption)
SEM images collected from black phosphorus crystals
EDS spectrum collected from BPs exfoliated onto Si substrates
SIMS purity information on BPs crystals
Partial List of Published Articles Using this Product
Fully Encapsulated and Stable Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors
Advanced Materials 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200546
Emergence of Quantum Tunneling in Ambipolar Black Phosphorus Multilayers without Heterojunctions
Advanced Functional Materials 2021
P. Zereshki et.al. Photocarrier dynamics in monolayer phosphorene and bulk black phosphorus; Nanoscale, 10, 11307-11313 (2018)
J.V Riffle "Impact of vacancies on electronic properties of black phosphorus probed by STM featured" Journal of Applied Physics 123, 044301 (2018)
Anisotropic Particle-Hole Excitations in Black Phosphorus, R. Schuster, J. Trinckauf, C. Habenicht, M. Knupfer, and B. Büchner. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 026404 – Published 10 July 2015
J,.He et.al ."Exceptional and Anisotropic Transport Properties of Photocarriers in Black Phosphorus" ACS Nano 10.1021/acsnano.5b02104 (2015_
R. Schuster et.al. "Anisotropic Particle-Hole Excitations in Black Phosphorus" Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 026404 – Published 10 July 2015
M. Baibarac et.al ."Polarized Raman spectra of phosphorene in edge and top view measuring configurations" RSC Advances., 2016,6, 58003-58009
R. Schuster et.al. "Non-Generic Dispersion of Excitons in the Bulk of WSe2" Phys. Rev. B.94.085201 (2016)
Additional Information
Elements: |
CVT |
Element: |
Phosphorus |
Formula: |
CVT |
Material class: |
Element |
Material class: |
Quasi-1D |
Properties: |
Semiconductor |
Properties: |
High mobility |
Properties: |
Excitonic |
Band gap range: |
IR |
Band gap range: |
VIS |
Growth method: |
High pressure |
Growth method: |
Mineral assist |
Doping: |
Undoped |
